3500 years of environmental sustainability in the large-scale alpine mining district of Hallstatt, Austria

Autor(en)

Daniela Festi, Daniel Brandner, Michael Grabner, Wolfgang Knierzinger, Hans Reschreiter, Kerstin Kowarik

Abstrakt

Throughout time, salt has played a crucial role in societies representing one of the most precious natural raw materials that can be extracted from the environment. The Austrian Alps are home to the world’s oldest and extensively studied record of large-scale underground salt mining: the UNESCO World Heritage site Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut. In this study, we focus for the first time on the impact that the salt extraction had on the vegetation and the environment throughout the millennia, presenting the first paleoecological data for the mining area, which have been obtained from a peat bog located near the mines. Our study indicates that salt extraction started already in the 4th mil BCE, and phases with the highest impact on the vegetation are documented in the Bronze Age (around 1350 BCE) and the Modern Era (15th-19th century CE). Our record also reveals an environmental awareness of the miners, as natural resources of the region were never depleted in order to provide material needed for the mines (construction materials, subsistence goods, etc.).

Organisation(en)

Institut für Geologie

Externe Organisation(en)

Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NHM), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien

Journal

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

Band

35

Anzahl der Seiten

13

ISSN

2352-409X

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102670

Publikationsdatum

02-2021

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ÖFOS 2012

105405 Geoökologie

Schlagwörter

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Environmental Science(all), Archaeology, Archaeology

Link zum Portal

https://ucris.univie.ac.at/portal/de/publications/3500-years-of-environmental-sustainability-in-the-largescale-alpine-mining-district-of-hallstatt-austria(dc99641c-cc9d-4ea4-8bdd-7c410132d104).html