Gaia Data Release 3: All-sky classification of 12.4 million variable sources into 25 classes
- Author(s)
- Lorenzo Rimoldini, Berry Holl, Panagiotis Gavras, Marc Audard, Joris De Ridder, Nami Mowlavi, Krzysztof Nienartowicz, Grégory Jevardat de Fombelle, Isabelle Lecoeur-Taïbi, Lea Karbevska, Dafydd W. Evans, Péter Ábrahám, Maria I. Carnerero, Gisella Clementini, Elisa Distefano, Alessia Garofalo, Pedro García-Lario, Roy Gomel, Sergei A. Klioner, Katarzyna Kruszyńska, Alessandro C. Lanzafame, Thomas Lebzelter, Gábor Marton, Tsevi Mazeh, Roberto Molinaro, Aviad Panahi, Claudia M. Raiteri, Vincenzo Ripepi, Laszlo Szabados, David Teyssier, Michele Trabucchi, Łukasz Wyrzykowski, Shay Zucker, Laurent Eyer
- Abstract
Context. Gaia DR3 contains 1.8 billion sources with G-band photometry, 1.5 billion of which with GBP and GRP photometry, complemented by positions on the sky, parallax, and proper motion. The median number of field-of-view transits in the three photometric bands is between 40 and 44 measurements per source and covers 34 months of data collection. Aims. We pursue a classification of Galactic and extra-galactic objects that are detected as variable by Gaia across the whole sky. Methods. Supervised machine learning (eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Random Forest) was employed to generate multi-class, binary, and meta-classifiers that classified variable objects with photometric time series in the G, GBP, and GRP bands. Results. Classification results comprise 12.4 million sources (selected from a much larger set of potential variable objects) and include about 9 million variable stars classified into 22 variability types in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies such as the Magellanic Clouds and Andromeda, plus thousands of supernova explosions in distant galaxies, 1 million active galactic nuclei, and almost 2.5 million galaxies. The identification of galaxies was made possible by the artificial variability of extended objects as detected by Gaia, so they were published in the galaxy-candidates table of the Gaia DR3 archive, separate from the classifications of genuine variability (in the vari-classifier-result table). The latter contains 24 variability classes or class groups of periodic and non-periodic variables (pulsating, eclipsing, rotating, eruptive, cataclysmic, stochastic, and microlensing), with amplitudes from a few milli-magnitudes to several magnitudes.
- Organisation(s)
- Department of Astrophysics
- External organisation(s)
- Université de Genève, European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Sednai Sàrl, Université Caen-Normandie, University of Cambridge, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Tel Aviv University, Technische Universität Dresden, University of Warsaw, Università degli Studi di Catania, INAF Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte
- Journal
- Astronomy & Astrophysics
- Volume
- 674
- No. of pages
- 105
- ISSN
- 0004-6361
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245591
- Publication date
- 06-2023
- Peer reviewed
- Yes
- Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 103004 Astrophysics
- Keywords
- ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science
- Portal url
- https://ucris.univie.ac.at/portal/en/publications/gaia-data-release-3-allsky-classification-of-124-million-variable-sources-into-25-classes(a5ceaa59-7660-443a-9c68-a7b9738f96b4).html