A CHEOPS-enhanced view of the HD 3167 system,★

Author(s): V. Bourrier, A. Deline, A. Krenn, J. A. Egger, A. C. Petit, L. Malavolta, M. Cretignier, N. Billot, C. Broeg, H. -G. Florén, D. Queloz, Y. Alibert, A. Bonfanti, A. S. Bonomo, J. -B. Delisle, O. D. S. Demangeon, B. -O. Demory, X. Dumusque, D. Ehrenreich, R. D. Haywood, S. B. Howell, M. Lendl, A. Mortier, G. Nigro, S. Salmon, S. G. Sousa, T. G. Wilson, V. Adibekyan, R. Alonso, G. Anglada, T. Bárczy, D. Barrado y Navascues, S. C. C. Barros, W. Baumjohann, M. Beck, W. Benz, F. Biondi, X. Bonfils, A. Brandeker, J. Cabrera, S. Charnoz, Sz. Csizmadia, A. Collier Cameron, M. Damasso, M. B. Davies, M. Deleuil, L. Delrez, L. Di Fabrizio, A. Erikson, A. Fortier, L. Fossati, M. Fridlund, D. Gandolfi, M. Gillon, M. Güdel, K. Heng, S. Hoyer, K. G. Isaak, L. L. Kiss, J. Laskar, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, V. Lorenzi, C. Lovis, D. Magrin, A. Massa, P. F. L. Maxted, V. Nascimbeni, G. Olofsson, R. Ottensamer, I. Pagano, E. Pallé, G. Peter, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, R. Ragazzoni, N. Rando, H. Rauer, I. Ribas, N. C. Santos, G. Scandariato, D. Ségransan, A. E. Simon, A. M. S. Smith, M. Steller, Gy. M. Szabó, N. Thomas, S. Udry, V. Van Grootel, F. Verrecchia, N. Walton, T. Beck, M. Buder, F. Ratti, B. Ulmer, V. Viotto
Abstract: Much remains to be understood about the nature of exoplanets smaller than Neptune, most of which have been discovered in compact multi-planet systems. With its inner ultra-short period planet b aligned with the star and two larger outer planets d-c on polar orbits, the multi-planet system HD 3167 features a peculiar architecture and offers the possibility to investigate both dynamical and atmospheric evolution processes. To this purpose we combined multiple datasets of transit photometry and radial velocimetry (RV) to revise the properties of the system and inform models of its planets. This effort was spearheaded by CHEOPS observations of HD 3167b, which appear inconsistent with a purely rocky composition despite its extreme irradiation. Overall the precision on the planetary orbital periods are improved by an order of magnitude, and the uncertainties on the densities of the transiting planets b and c are decreased by a factor of 3. Internal structure and atmospheric simulations draw a contrasting picture between HD 3167d, likely a rocky super-Earth that lost its atmosphere through photo-evaporation, and HD 3167c, a mini-Neptune that kept a substantial primordial gaseous envelope. We detect a fourth, more massive planet on a larger orbit, likely coplanar with HD 3167d-c. Dynamical simulations indeed show that the outer planetary system d-c-e was tilted, as a whole, early in the system history, when HD 3167b was still dominated by the star influence and maintained its aligned orbit. RV data and direct imaging rule out that the companion that could be responsible for the present-day architecture is still bound to the HD 3167 system. Similar global studies of multi-planet systems will tell how many share the peculiar properties of the HD 3167 system, which remains a target of choice for follow-up observations and simulations.
Organisation(s): Department of Astrophysics
External organisation(s): Université de Genève, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Universität Bern, University of Copenhagen, University of Padova, Osservatorio Astronomico, Stockholm University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, University of Cambridge, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Universidade do Porto, University of Exeter, NASA Ames Research Center, University of St. Andrews, Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands, University of La Laguna, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC), Admatis Ltd., University of Grenoble Alpes, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Université de Paris, Lund University, Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Liège, Fundación Galileo Galilei (FGG), Leiden University, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Turin, University of Warwick, Science and Operations Department - Science Division (SCI-SC), Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Paris Observatory, Université Paris VI - Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, Keele University, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Technische Universität Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin (FU), Space Science Data Center (SSDC) - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
Journal: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume: 668
ISSN: 0004-6361
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243778
Publication date: 12-2022
Peer reviewed: Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012: 103003 Astronomy, 103004 Astrophysics, 103038 Space exploration
Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science
Portal url: https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/032bd99d-10f8-4533-976d-231e078efb7f

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