Structure, Process, and Mechanism
- Author(s)
- Harald Sodemann, Heini Wernli, Peter Knippertz, Cordeira M. Cordeira, Francina Dominguez, Bin Guan, Huancui Hu, F. Martin Ralph, Andreas Stohl
- Abstract
Questions this chapter tries to answer include: how do ARs work, why are there ARs, and what is their place in global water and energy cycles? Sect. 2.2, drawing from the substantial body of published literature, explores what ARs are, phenomenologically. Based on observations, what do the horizontal and vertical sections of ARs look like? Section 2.3 covers concepts related to ARs: warm conveyor belts and TMEs, including climatologies and their relevance-all helping delineate their differences and similarities to ARs, and thus helping to define what is-and is not-an AR. Section 2.4 focuses on the water transport in ARs, reviewing the different approaches to quantify moisture transport, and to identify moisture sources, all of which contribute to the current understanding of the moisture budget of ARs, and links phenomenology (Sect. 2.2) with dynamic understanding (Sect. 2.4). Section 2.5 combines the complex picture of ARs and their embedding in atmospheric dynamics, including aspects of how extratropical dynamics affect ARs, and their links to (a) upper-level dynamics (Rossby wave breaking and cutoff lows, (b) extratropical cyclones and alternative concepts, and (c) high-latitude dynamics.
- Organisation(s)
- Department of Meteorology and Geophysics
- External organisation(s)
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Plymouth State University – New Hampshire, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of California, Los Angeles, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Norwegian Institute for Air Research
- Pages
- 15-43
- No. of pages
- 29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28906-5_2
- Publication date
- 01-2020
- Peer reviewed
- Yes
- Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 105206 Meteorology
- Keywords
- ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Physics and Astronomy, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
- Portal url
- https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/1a950615-0807-413a-ac65-bf41cda0b428