X-ray and UV radiation in the planet-forming T-Tauri system PDS 70. Signs of accretion and coronal activity

Author(s)
Simon R.G. Joyce, John P. Pye, Jonathan D. Nichols, Richard Alexander, Manuel Güdel, David Barrado
Abstract

Planet formation takes place in protoplanetary discs around young T-Tauri stars. PDS 70 is one of the first confirmed examples of a system where the planets are currently forming in gaps in the disc, and can be directly imaged. One of the main early influences on planet formation is the lifetime of the protoplanetary disc, which is limited by the intense stellar X-ray and UV radiation. Stellar coronal activity and accretion of material onto the star are both potential sources of XUV radiation. Previous Swift observations detected UV emission, which were consistent with a low rate of accretion. We present follow up observations with the XMM-Newton observatory, which observed PDS 70 simultaneously in X-ray and UV in order to determine intensity of XUV radiation in the system, and identify if the source is coronal, accretion, or both. We detect a strong source in both X-ray and UV, with an average X-ray 0.2-12 keV luminosity of 1.37 × 1030 erg s-1, and a possible flare which increased the luminosity to 2.8 × 1030 erg s-1. The UV flux density is in excess of what would be expected from chromospheric emission, and supports the interpretation that PDS 70 has continuing weak accretion less than ∼10-10 M yr-1. The implications of the detected X-ray and UV radiation are that the disc is likely to be in the final stages of dispersal, and will be completely evaporated in the next million years, bringing an end to the primary planet formation process.

Organisation(s)
Department of Astrophysics
External organisation(s)
University of Leicester, European Space Astronomy Centre (ESA)
Journal
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume
519
Pages
4514-4528
No. of pages
15
ISSN
0035-8711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3670
Publication date
03-2023
Peer reviewed
Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012
103003 Astronomy, 103004 Astrophysics
Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science
Portal url
https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/3fe4128b-fb0e-4c47-9edb-22462bf15caa