Seismically induced kinking in quartz

Author(s): Michel Bestmann, Bernhard Grasemann, Rüdiger Kilian, John Wheeler, Luiz F.G. Morales, Andreas Bezold, Giorgio Pennacchioni
Abstract: Deformed quartz veins next (1–1.5 m) to an exhumed pseudotachylyte-bearing (i.e. anciently seismic) fault within the Schobergruppe (Austroalpine Crystalline Complex, Eastern Alps) contain intensely kinked quartz grains. The monoclinic symmetry of kink bands is consistent with the dextral slip sense of the fault. Cathodoluminescence images show a very high density of intragranular, sub-planar, lamellae accompanied by nanometre-scale fluid-related porosity visible in electron backscatter orientation contrast. Based on the oscillating orientation variation across subgrain boundaries (misorientation angle 1–9°) these lamellae (oriented (sub)parallel to a rhomb plane and spaced 4–10 µm apart) are identified as short-wavelength undulatory extinction microstructures (SWUE). Transmission electron microscopy reveals a high degree of recovery (low dislocation density) across the SWUE. Only grains with SWUE oriented parallel to the vein boundary are kinked. Based on detailed microstructural and crystallographic analysis, we infer the following history of kinking evolution related to the seismic cycle: (I) Deformation lamellae formed at high differential stresses preceding, or associated with, seismic rupture propagation. The initial high dislocation density within deformation lamellae provided the mechanical anisotropy in quartz required for (II) the subsequent coseismic initiation of kinking. The lamellae acted as a geometric filter that only allowed r < a> slip of dislocations parallel to the lamellae. These athermal dislocations were able to glide fast over a relatively large distance before piling up and initiating kinking during the coseismic event. Progressive build-up of dislocations resulted in deformation bands which accumulated the final misorientation angle between host domain and kink domain. (III) Residual stress during post-seismic deformation induced dynamic re-arrangement of dislocations into sub-parallel subgrain boundaries which now characterize the kink band boundary region. We suggest that kinking in quartz potentially indicates coseismic deformation and is an important mechanism for incipient strain accommodation during high strain rates.
Organisation(s): Department of Geology, Dean's office of the Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy
External organisation(s): Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, University of Liverpool, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University of Padova
Journal: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Volume: 670
ISSN: 0012-821X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119546
Publication date: 11-2025
Peer reviewed: Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012: 105124 Tectonics, 105122 Seismic
Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas: Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Space and Planetary Science
Portal url: https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/490efe5e-63d1-410c-8cb6-3400db9f8845

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