Mineralogy and environmental stability of metallurgical slags from the Euronickel smelter, Vozarci, North Macedonia

Author(s): Tamara Đorđević, Goran Tasev, Claudia Aicher, Anna Potysz, Peter Nagl, Christian Leopold Lengauer, Artur Pędziwiatr, Todor Serafimovski, Ivan Boev, Blažo Boev
Abstract: The laterite Ni-smelting operations at Vozarci, Republic North Macedonia have produced large amounts of smelting wastes dumped in the close vicinity of the smelter. We examined phase composition and chemistry of the various types of slags (electric furnace slags, converter slag, magnetic slag) with the special focus on the phases containing potentially toxic elements in terms of their mineralogy, chemical composition, and responses to weathering. Electric furnace slags contain between 35 and 47 wt.% SiO₂, 21–40 wt.% Fe₂O₃, and 13–23 wt.% MgO; converter and magnetic slags are Fe-rich (76–77 wt.% of Fe₂O₃) with significant amounts of Ca (7.6–8.4 wt.% CaO) and S-portion (2–2.5 wt.% SO₃). All slags contain substantial amounts of the potentially toxic elements: Co (20–87 ppm), Cr (9600–17400 ppm), Ni (170–730 ppm), and Zn (150–380 ppm). Further mineralogical analyses showed that the slags consist of silicate glass, synthetic equivalents of olivines, orthopyroxenes, clinopyroxenes, and subordinate spinel-group phases, sulfides, and intermetallic compounds. Some of the slags had been subject to weathering since their dumping in 1982. The weathering results in the release of metals from primary slag phases, particularly from glass, and the partial immobilization of these metals in secondary soluble and insoluble minerals in the slag heaps (hydroxy-iron oxides, gypsum, anhydrite, syngenite, aphthitalite). The majority of slag samples exhibited increased leaching under conditions of lower pH (2.9) compared to higher pH (4.9). The contrast between leaching treatments was particularly evident for nickel (Ni), with leaching at a low pH of 2.9 reaching up to 135 times higher (MS) than at pH 4.9. At lower pH conditions, other contaminants of interest were leached out at a rate 4 to 76 times faster compared to the leaching achieved at pH 4.9, because they are the major source of potentially toxic elements.
Organisation(s): Department of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Department of Lithospheric Research
External organisation(s): Technische Universität Wien, University of Vienna, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Goce Delčev University of Štip, University of Wrocław
Journal: Applied Geochemistry
Volume: 170
No. of pages: 13
ISSN: 0883-2927
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2024.106068
Publication date: 06-2024
Peer reviewed: Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012: 105116 Mineralogy, 105113 Crystallography
Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas: Pollution, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry
Portal url: https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/6a0492f8-db9f-4a9d-bcab-db738ca0c892

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