Escape and evolution of Mars's CO2 atmosphere: Influence of suprathermal atoms
- Author(s)
- Ute Amerstorfer, H. Gröller, Herbert I M Lichtenegger, Colin Johnstone, Lin Tu, Manuel Güdel
- Abstract
With a Monte Carlo model we investigate the escape of hot oxygen and carbon from the Martian atmosphere for four points in time in its history corresponding to 1, 3, 10, and 20 times the present solar EUV flux. We study and discuss different sources of hot oxygen and carbon atoms in the thermosphere and their changing importance with the EUV flux. The increase of the production rates due to higher densities resulting from the higher EUV flux competes against the expansion of the thermosphere and corresponding increase in collisions. We find that the escape due to photodissociation increases with increasing EUV level. However, for the escape via some other reactions, e.g., dissociative recombination of urn:x-wiley:jgre:media:jgre20682:jgre20682-math-0001, this is only true until the EUV level reaches 10 times the present EUV flux and then the rates start to decrease. Furthermore, our results show that Mars could not have had a dense atmosphere at the end of the Noachian epoch, since such an atmosphere would not have been able to escape until today. In the pre-Noachian era, most of the magma ocean and volcanic activity-related outgassed CO2 atmosphere could have been lost thermally until the Noachian epoch, when nonthermal loss processes such as suprathermal atom escape became dominant. Thus, early Mars could have been hot and wet during the pre-Noachian era with surface CO2 pressures larger than 1 bar during the first 300 Myr after the planet's origin.
- Organisation(s)
- Department of Astrophysics
- External organisation(s)
- Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), University of Arizona
- Journal
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
- Volume
- 122
- Pages
- 1321 - 1337
- No. of pages
- 17
- ISSN
- 2169-9097
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JE005175
- Publication date
- 06-2017
- Peer reviewed
- Yes
- Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 103003 Astronomy, 103004 Astrophysics
- Keywords
- ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geochemistry and Petrology, Geophysics, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Space and Planetary Science
- Portal url
- https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/72d71ab1-3536-4a2b-8152-46b9dc20bed8