An Analysis of the Environments of FU Orionis Objects with Herschel

Author(s)

Joel D. Green, Neal J., II Evans, Ágnes Kóspál, Gregory Herczeg, Sascha P. Quanz, Thomas Henning, Tim A. van Kempen, Jeong-Eun Lee, Michael M. Dunham, Gwendolyn Meeus, Jeroen Bouwman, Jo-hsin Chen, Manuel Güdel, Stephen L. Skinner, Armin Liebhart, Manuel Merello

Abstract

We present Herschel-HIFI, SPIRE, and PACS 50-670 μm imaging and

spectroscopy of six FU Orionis-type objects and candidates (FU Orionis,

V1735 Cyg, V1515 Cyg, V1057 Cyg, V1331 Cyg, and HBC 722), ranging in

outburst date from 1936 to 2010, from the "FOOSH" (FU Orionis Objects

Surveyed with Herschel) program, as well as ancillary results from

Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph and the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory.

In their system properties (L bol, T bol, and line

emission), we find that FUors are in a variety of evolutionary states.

Additionally, some FUors have features of both Class I and II sources:

warm continuum consistent with Class II sources, but rotational line

emission typical of Class I, far higher than Class II sources of similar

mass/luminosity. Combining several classification techniques, we find an

evolutionary sequence consistent with previous mid-IR indicators. We

detect [O I] in every source at luminosities consistent with Class 0/I

protostars, much greater than in Class II disks. We detect transitions

of 13CO (J up of 5-8) around two sources (V1735

Cyg and HBC 722) but attribute them to nearby protostars. Of the

remaining sources, three (FU Ori, V1515 Cyg, and V1331 Cyg) exhibit only

low-lying CO, but one (V1057 Cyg) shows CO up to J = 23 → 22 and

evidence for H2O and OH emission, at strengths typical of

protostars rather than T Tauri stars. Rotational temperatures for "cool"

CO components range from 20 to 81 K, for ~ 1050 total CO

molecules. We detect [C I] and [N II] primarily as diffuse emission.

 

Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided

by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important

participation from NASA.

Organisation(s)

Department of Astrophysics

External organisation(s)

California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Joint ALMA Observatory, University of Vienna, Peking University, Leiden University, Yale University, Kyung Hee University, Science and Operations Department - Science Division (SCI-SC), Ecologikal Society of America (ESA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, University of Colorado, Boulder, University of Texas, Austin

Journal

The Astrophysical Journal: an international review of astronomy and astronomical physics

Volume

772

No. of pages

23

ISSN

0004-637X

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/117

Publication date

08-2013

Peer reviewed

Yes

Austrian Fields of Science 2012

103004 Astrophysics, 103003 Astronomy

Keywords

Portal url

https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/ae6f5b7e-2d88-4368-8ecd-904f7e541b93