3500 years of environmental sustainability in the large-scale alpine mining district of Hallstatt, Austria
- Author(s)
- Daniela Festi, Daniel Brandner, Michael Grabner, Wolfgang Knierzinger, Hans Reschreiter, Kerstin Kowarik
- Abstract
Throughout time, salt has played a crucial role in societies representing one of the most precious natural raw materials that can be extracted from the environment. The Austrian Alps are home to the world’s oldest and extensively studied record of large-scale underground salt mining: the UNESCO World Heritage site Hallstatt-Dachstein/Salzkammergut. In this study, we focus for the first time on the impact that the salt extraction had on the vegetation and the environment throughout the millennia, presenting the first paleoecological data for the mining area, which have been obtained from a peat bog located near the mines. Our study indicates that salt extraction started already in the 4th mil BCE, and phases with the highest impact on the vegetation are documented in the Bronze Age (around 1350 BCE) and the Modern Era (15th-19th century CE). Our record also reveals an environmental awareness of the miners, as natural resources of the region were never depleted in order to provide material needed for the mines (construction materials, subsistence goods, etc.).
- Organisation(s)
- Department of Geology
- External organisation(s)
- Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NHM), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- Journal
- Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
- Volume
- 35
- No. of pages
- 13
- ISSN
- 2352-409X
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102670
- Publication date
- 02-2021
- Peer reviewed
- Yes
- Austrian Fields of Science 2012
- 105405 Geoecology
- Keywords
- ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Environmental Science, Archaeology, Archaeology
- Portal url
- https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/dc99641c-cc9d-4ea4-8bdd-7c410132d104