Climate change risk, resilience, and adaptation among rural farmers in East Africa: A literature review

Author(s)
Tobias Ackerl, Lemlem Fitwi Weldemariam, Mary Nyasimi, Ayansina Ayanlade
Abstract

This study assesses the literature evidence on climate change risk, resilience, and adaptation measures used among rural farmers in East Africa. A systematic literature review was conducted comprising 30 papers from the Web of Science database published during 2000–2022. The results of the literature review showed that climate change risks have direct impacts on agricultural practices, limit rural farmers’ resilience, and exacerbate their food insecurity. The most prominent risks are increasingly shorter wet seasons and heat stress, which lead to droughts and food production losses. Responding to climate risks, farmers in East Africa adopt various adaptation strategies such as mixed- and inter-cropping, conservation tillage, early planting, crop diversification, etc. Also, this review summarizes the determinants of climate change adaptation strategy selection by farmers in East Africa, including age, gender, household size, economic status and household assets, landownership and livestock, education and training, etc. Overall, the choice of adaptation strategies to climate change is strongly determined by the gender of household heads, the results of gender as a determinant of adaptation differ greatly between different case studies. Although female-headed households (FHHs) tend to perceive changes in temperature more readily than male-headed households (MHHs), the latter are generally more likely to adopt different adaptation strategies. Despite the resilience and adaptation measures used by rural farmers in East Africa now, improved weather forecasting and early warning systems are needed as a better direction towards the future.

Organisation(s)
Department of Geography and Regional Research
External organisation(s)
Haramaya University , UNESCO, Obafemi Awolowo University
Journal
Regional Sustainability
Volume
4
Pages
185-193
No. of pages
9
Publication date
06-2023
Peer reviewed
Yes
Austrian Fields of Science 2012
507002 Population geography
Keywords
ASJC Scopus subject areas
Geography, Planning and Development, Development, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Urban Studies
Sustainable Development Goals
SDG 13 - Climate Action, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger
Portal url
https://ucrisportal.univie.ac.at/en/publications/f331b6bf-dc23-41f2-a16b-ca96b89af4a6